Table 8 Association between dysphonia grade and parenting practices in the case group (N = 26)

Parenting involvement

10.7 ± 3.1

10.5 ± 3.2

12 ± 1.5

F = 0.60

P = 0.56

Positive parenting

11.6 ± 3.4

12.8 ± 2.0

13.8 ± 2.4

F = 1.3

P = 0.29

Inconsistent discipline

9 ± 3.1

11.9 ± 2.4

9.8 ± 3.2

F = 2.4

P = 0.11

Corporal punishment

5 (3–11)

9 (4–15)

11 (8–15)

KW = 5.3

P = 0.07

Poor supervision

3 (3–10)

3 (3–11)

4 (3–11)

KW = 0.16

P = 0.92

Duration of dysphonia complaint (per months)

20 ± 6

13.6 ± 4.2

24 ± 7.2

F = 4.7

P = 0.09