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Table 7 Association between dysphonia grade and behavioral problem in the case group (N = 26)

From: Behavioral characteristics and parenting styles in chronic habitual hyperfunctional childhood dysphonia

Grade of dysphonia

Parameters

Grade I

Grade II

Grade III

Test of significance

n = 7

n = 13

n = 6

Emotional Symptoms Score

 □ Normal (03)

1 (14.3%)

7 (53.8%)

0

MC = 12.1

 □ Borderline (4)

2 (28.6%)

0

0

P = 0.009*

 □ Abnormal (510)

4 (57.1%)

6 (46.2%)

6 (100%)

Median (minmax)

5 (0–9)

3 (0–8)

7 (5–9)

KW = 3.2

P = 0.20

Conduct Problems Score

 □ Normal (02)

2 (28.6%)

3 (23.1%)

1 (16.7%)

MC = 3.1

 □ Borderline (3)

0

4 (30.8%)

1 (16.7%)

P = 0.62

 □ Abnormal (410)

5 (71.4%)

6 (46.2%)

4 (66.7%)

Median (minmax)

4 (2–8)

3 (1–8)

4 (2–6)

KW = 0.29

P = 0.87

Hyperactive Score

 □ Normal (05)

3 (42.9%)

7 (53.8%)

3 (50%)

MC = 5.0

 □ Borderline (6)

0

4 (30.8%)

1 (16.7%)

P = 0.33

 □ Abnormal (710)

4 (57.1%)

2 (15.4%)

2 (33.3%)

Median (minmax)

7 (2–9)

5 (0–10)

5 (1–8)

KW = 0.62

P = 0.73

Peer Problems Score

 □ Normal (02)

4 (57.1%)

7 (53.8%)

4 (66.7%)

MC = 3.6

 □ Borderline (3)

2 (28.6%)

1 (7.7%)

0

P = 0.57

 □ Abnormal (410)

1 (14.3%)

5 (38.5%)

2 (33.3%)

Median (minmax)

1 (0–5)

2 (0–5)

2 (1–5)

KW = 0.97

P = 0.62

Prosocial Behavior Score

 □ Normal (610)

4 (57.1%)

7 (53.8%)

4 (66.7%)

MC = 3.6

 □ Borderline (5)

2 (28.6%)

1 (7.7%)

0

P = 0.57

 □ Abnormal (04)

1 (14.3%)

5 (38.5%)

2 (33.3%)

Median (minmax)

6 (1–8)

8 (5–10)

9 (6–10)

KW = 5.8

P = 0.05*

Total Difficulties Score

 □ Normal (013)

3 (24.9%)

5 (38.5%)

1 (16.7%)

MC = 3.1

 □ Borderline(14–16)

0

3 (23.1%)

1 (16.7%)

P = 0.55

 □ Abnormal (1740)

4 (57.1%)

5 (38.5%)

4 (66.7%)

Mean ± SD (minmax)

17.6 ± 5.7

16.5 ± 5.8

18.5 ± 5.4

F = 0.21

(8–25)

(7–29)

(9–24)

P = 0.81

  1. Data expressed as number (%), mean ± SD, or median (minimum–maximum)
  2. *Significant P ≤ 0.05
  3. MC, Monte Carlo test; KW, Kruskal–Wallis test; F, one-way ANOVA test