From: Language profile in different kinds of apraxia in post-stroke patients
a. | |||||||
Results of cases with ideational apraxia | Mode | Results of cases without ideational apraxia | Mode | ||||
Median | Range | Median | Range | P value | |||
Bisection of line | 0 | (0–1) | 0 | 0 | (0–0) | 0 | 0.217 |
Semantic memory | 8 | (0–10) | 8 | 10 | (0–10) | 10 | 0.003* |
Verbal fluency for words | 0 | (0–15) | 0 | 7 | (0–25) | 7 | 0.024* |
Recognition memory | 6 | (0–10) | 6 | 10 | (0–10) | 10 | 0.001* |
Gesture object use | 12 | (2–12) | 12 | 12 | (10–12) | 12 | 0.575 |
Arithmetic skill | 0 | (0–6) | 0 | 4 | (0–6) | 4 | 0.002* |
Comprehension of spoken words | 20 | (0–30) | 20 | 30 | (18–30) | 30 | <0.001** |
Comprehension of spoken sentences | 18 | (0–32) | 18 | 32 | (16–32) | 32 | <0.001** |
Comprehension of spoken paragraphs | 2 | (0–4) | 2 | 4 | (0–4) | 4 | 0.002* |
Comprehension of written words | 22 | (0–30) | 22 | 30 | (0–30) | 30 | 0.044* |
Comprehension of written sentences | 20 | (0–32) | 20 | 32 | (0–32) | 32 | 0.186 |
Word repetition | 32 | (0–32) | 32 | 32 | (0–32) | 32 | 0.798 |
Repetition of complex words | 6 | (0–6) | 6 | 6 | (0–6) | 6 | 0.163 |
Repetition of non-word | 6 | (0–10) | 6 | 6 | (0–10) | 6 | 0.511 |
Digit repetition | 4 | (0–10) | 4 | 8 | (0–14) | 8 | 0.007* |
Repetition of sentences | 6 | (0–12) | 6 | 10 | (0–12) | 10 | 0.022* |
Naming (objects) | 0 | (0–48) | 0 | 48 | (0–48) | 48 | 0.001* |
Naming (actions) | 0 | (0–10) | 0 | 10 | (0–10) | 10 | <0.001** |
Spoken description of pictures | 0 | (0–23) | 0 | 22 | (0–28) | 22 | 0.001* |
Reading at level of words | 0 | (0–48) | 0 | 48 | (0–48) | 48 | 0.036* |
Reading at level of complex words | 0 | (0–6) | 0 | 6 | (0–6) | 6 | 0.095* |
Reading at level of function words | 0 | (0–6) | 0 | 6 | (0–6) | 6 | 0.143 |
Reading at level of non-words | 0 | (0–6) | 0 | 6 | (0–10) | 6 | 0.072* |
Writing by copying | 13 | (0–27) | 13 | 27 | (0–27) | 27 | 0.035* |
Writing of picture names | 3 | (0–21) | 3 | 21 | (0–21) | 21 | 0.007* |
Dictation | 4 | (0–28) | 4 | 28 | (0–28) | 28 | 0.014* |
Picture description by writing | 1 | (0–20) | 1 | 19 | (0–28) | 19 | 0.005* |
b. | |||||||
Results of cases with ideational apraxia | Results of cases without ideational apraxia | Independent t test | |||||
Mean | SD | Mean | SD | T | P value | ||
Bisection of line | 0.04 | 0.21 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 1.239 | 0.220 | |
Semantic memory | 6.35 | 4.07 | 9.3 | 1.97 | −3.745 | 0.001** | |
Verbal fluency for words | 3.61 | 5.19 | 7.11 | 6.09 | −2.27 | 0.027 | |
Recognition memory | 5.43 | 4.50 | 8.97 | 2.76 | −3.714 | 0.001** | |
Gesture object use | 11.57 | 2.09 | 11.83 | 0.57 | −0.71 | 0.480 | |
Arithmetic skill | 1.57 | 2.33 | 3.50 | 2.47 | −2.970 | 0.004** | |
Comprehension of spoken words | 21.65 | 8.02 | 28.69 | 3.07 | −4.71 | 0.001** | |
Comprehension of spoken sentences | 20.4 | 10.1 | 29.31 | 5.16 | −4.41 | 0.001** | |
Comprehension of spoken paragraphs | 1.57 | 1.59 | 2.9 | 1.48 | −3.29 | 0.002** | |
Comprehension of written words | 20.3 | 10.83 | 24.52 | 11.22 | −1.147 | 0.258 | |
Comprehension of written sentences | 20.00 | 11.92 | 25.03 | 11.98 | −1.273 | 0.210 | |
Word repetition | 28.87 | 7.55 | 27.37 | 11.34 | 0.557 | 0.58 | |
Repetition of complex words | 4.35 | 2.31 | 5.03 | 2.14 | −1.15 | 0.255 | |
Non-word repetition | 5.9 | 3.74 | 6.60 | 3.45 | −0.718 | 0.476 | |
Digit repetition | 4.35 | 2.87 | 6.8 | 3.8 | −2.64 | 0.011* | |
Repetition of sentences | 5.65 | 3.65 | 7.8 | 4.27 | −2.009 | 0.049* | |
Naming (objects) | 9.39 | 18.4 | 27.60 | 21.81 | −3.30 | 0.002** | |
Naming (actions) | 2.35 | 4.21 | 7.31 | 4.42 | −4.267 | 0.001** | |
Spoken description of pictures | 5.26 | 7.69 | 15.00 | 11.54 | −3.555 | 0.001** | |
Reading at level of words | 14.15 | 20.63 | 29.09 | 22.31 | −2.079 | 0.044* | |
Reading at level of complex words | 2.3 | 3.04 | 3.94 | 2.7 | −1.766 | 0.085 | |
Reading at level of function words | 2.3 | 3.04 | 3.81 | 2.85 | −1.578 | 0.122 | |
Reading at level of non-words | 2.3 | 3.04 | 4.56 | 3.7 | −1.926 | 0.061 | |
Writing by copying | 12.38 | 12.88 | 20.47 | 10.89 | −2.141 | 0.038* | |
Writing of picture names | 8.54 | 10.3 | 17.16 | 8.14 | −2.977 | 0.005** | |
Dictation | 11.38 | 13.75 | 22.87 | 10.24 | −3.063 | 0.004** | |
Picture description by writing | 4.46 | 7.3 | 13.9 | 9.85 | −3.117 | 0.003** |