Table 1 Chart summarizes all hypopharyngeal lipomas reported in the literature to date
From: Isolated hypopharynx lipoma: a case presentation and literature review
Authors | Year | Country | No. of cases | Age/sex | Location | Symptoms | Treatment | Outcome |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Kramer [17] | 1934 | New York | 36a | – | Hypopharynx and esophagus (n = 6), hypopharynx (n = 26), doubtful (n = 4) | Lump or pressure in the throat, intermittent extrusion of the mass into the mouth, dysphagia, and dyspnea | Most of the cases endorally, some operated upon externally | – |
1b | 57/M | Right pyriform fossa | Tickling while swallowing | Resection | Second episode after 02 years | |||
Max et al. [18] | 1952 | New York | 1 | 52/M | Left pyriform sinus | Intermittent dyspnea and foreign body sensation in the throat | Endoscopic resection using Michel clips, anchored with long black silk thread around the mass | Symptom-free |
David et al. [19] | 1987 | USA | 1 | 66/M | Hypopharynx | Intermittent dysphagia for solids and coughing | Laser excision | Symptoms’ resolution |
Nash et al. [20] | 1989 | – | 1 | 58/M | Hypopharynx | Dysphagia | Endoscopic resection | Symptoms’ resolution |
Fyfe et al. [10] | 1991 | USA | 1 | 77/M | Left aryepiglottic fold | Sudden death | – | – |
Iwasaki et al. [21] | 1992 | Japan | 2 | 44/M | Right edge of the epiglottis | Sudden death | – | – |
51/F | Hypopharynx | Asphyxia | – | – | ||||
Gutsch et al. [22] | 1993 | Poland | 1 | 56/F | Hypopharynx and larynx | Expiration dyspnea and change of the voice | Per os resection | Complete cure |
Hellin et al. [23] | 1994 | Spain | 1 | 40/M | Parapharyngeal space | Obstructing the airway | – | – |
Eckel and Jungehulsing [11] | 1994 | Germany | 3 | – | Left pyriform sinus | Intermittent dysphagia for solids | Endoscopic resection by CO2 laser | Uneventful |
Zbaren et al. [24] | 1995 | Switzerland | 1 | 47/M | Larynx | – | – | – |
Wenig [12] | 1995 | USA | 3 | 28/F 51/F 51/M | Supraglottic larynx and piriform sinus | Airway obstruction, dysphagia, piriform throat discomfort, and a sensation of excessive secretion in the throat | – | – |
Jack et al. [25] | 1996 | USA | 1 | 36/M | Retropharynx | OSAS | Transoral resection | Symptom-free |
Welinder et al. [26] | 1996 | Denmark | 1 | - | Vallecula epiglottica | Fatal airway obstruction | – | – |
Gao et al. [27] | 1997 | China | 1 | - | Hypopharynx | Dysphagia, throat discomfort, and airway obstruction | – | – |
Nwaorgu et al. [28] | 1997 | Nigeria | 1 | 25/M | Pharynx | Intraoral mass and respiratory obstruction necessitating tracheotomy | Left lateral pharyngotomy | – |
Nishimura [29] | 1998 |  | 1 | 61/M | Pharynx | OSAS | – | – |
Barry et al. [30] | 2000 | France | 5 | M and F | Pharynx and larynx | Dysphagia, throat discomfort, and airway obstruction | – | – |
Jungehülsing et al. [31] | 2000 | Germany | 7 | M and F | Hypopharynx and larynx | – | – | – |
Maged and Riad [32] | 2000 | Scotland | 1 | 50/M | Larynx | Hoarseness and dyspnea | – | – |
Srinivasan and Davies [33] | 2000 | UK | 1 | 57/M | Pharynx and larynx | Snoring and intermittent choking | – | – |
Nishiyama et al. [34] | 2001 | Japan | 1 | 82/F | Hypopharynx | Wheezing and intermittent breathlessness | – | – |
Cantarella et al. [35] | 2001 | Italy | 1 | 77/F | Right pyriform sinus and the right arytenoid | Dysphagia and difficulty swallowing and occasional nasal regurgitation of food | Complete resection during suspension microlaryngoscopy | Full recovery |
Hockstein et al. [36] | 2002 | USA | 1 | 64/M | Retropharyngeal | OSAS | Not operated | No growth during the 5-year follow-up |
Grützenmacher et al. [37] | 2002 | Germany | 1 | 42/M | Left aryepiglottic | Throat discomfort and airway fold obstruction | – | – |
Miloudi et al. [38] | 2005 | Morocco | 1 | 57/F | Epiglottis | Dyspnea and dysphagia | – | – |
Singhal et al. [39] | 2005 | India | 1 | 56/F | Epiglottis | Fatal airway obstruction | – | – |
Namyslowski et al. [40] | 2006 | Poland | 1 | 40/M | Retropharynx | Increasing snoring and apnea during sleep, morning headache, daytime sleepiness, and swallowing difficulty | External cervical approach | Symptoms’ amelioration |
Dereköy et al. [41] | 2007 | Turkey | 1 | 63/F | Tonsil | Confusion, disorientation, and difficult intubation | – | – |
Mitchell et al. [42] | 2007 | UK | 1 | 62/F | Oropharynx | Stridor | – | – |
Mattioli et al. [43] | 2008 | Brazil | 1 | 58/M | Larynx | Hoarseness and dyspnea | – | – |
Minni and al [44] | 2008 | Italy | 1 | 48/M | Paraglottic space | Hoarseness and soft voice | – | – |
Silvia et al. [45] | 2010 | Italy | 1 | 44/M | Hypopharynx | Sudden death during sleep | – | – |
Eyigor et al. [46] | 2011 | Turkey | 1 | 60/M | Vocal fold and vocal process of the arytenoids | Hoarseness | – | – |
Evcimik et al. [47] | 2011 | Turkey | 1 | 51/F | Left pyriform sinus | Mass in the throat and difficulty in swallowing | Complete resection using suspension microlaryngoscopy | Full recovery |
Nader et al. [48] | 2012 | Iran | 1 | 63/M | Right aryepiglottic fold | Intermittent stridor and snoring | – | – |
Pena-Valenzuela et al. [49] | 2012 | Colombia | 1 | 66/M | Left cricopharyngeal region | Progressive dysphagia | Endoscopic complete resection | Complete recovery |
Lee et al. [50] | 2013 | South Korea | 1 | 53/M | The lateral wall of the right pyriform sinus | Mild dyspnea on exertion | Transoral robotic approach | Good results |
D’Antonio et al. [51] | 2013 | Italy | 1 | 65/M | Left vocal cord | Hoarseness, choking spells, stridor, and dyspnea | Endoscopic complete resection | Complete recovery |
Balasundaram [52] | 2013 | USA | 1 | 76/M | Hypopharynx | Obstructive sleep apnea | Complete resection | Episodic sleep apnea and snoring resolved |
Kazunori et al. [53] | 2015 | Japan | 1 | 64/M | Hypopharynx | Snoring and daytime sleepiness [obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSAS)] | Complete resection | Improvement of apnea-hypopnea index (AHI index) |
Wolf-Magele et al. [54] | 2015 | Austria | 1 | 52/M | Larynx | Acute stridor and dyspnea | Complete resection with the carbon dioxide laser | Full recovery |
Al Abdulsalam et al. [55] | 2016 | Saudi Arabia | 1 | 38/M | Left pyriform sinus | Progressive dysphagia | Complete resection with the carbon dioxide laser | Full recovery |
Aydin et al. [56] | 2016 | Turkey | 1 | 24/M | Retropharynx | Progressive dysphagia and obstructive sleep apnea | Transoral surgical excision | Symptom-free |
Acquaviva et al. [9] | 2016 | Italy | 1 | 63/F | Right pyriform sinus | Voluminous mass, partially protruding from the mouth | Endoscopic resection | Full recovery |
Jabbr et al. [57] | 2017 | United Arab Emirates | 1 | 58/M | Right pyriform sinus | Progressive voice change and paroxysmal coughing spasms with swallowing difficulty and foreign body sensation in the throat | Endoscopic complete resection | Absence of recurrence with good follow-up results |
Jia et al. [58] | 2018 | UK | 1 | 63/M | Hypopharynx | Food regurgitation, dysphagia, and weight loss | – | – |
Yoseph et al. [59] | 2018 | USA | 1 | 60/M | Left pyriform sinus | Throat irritation and a pharyngeal foreign body sensation | Transoral robotic surgical (TORS) excision of the mass | Full recovery |
Cukic et al. [60] | 2019 | Serbia | 1 | 66/M | Left posterolateral pharyngeal wall and obliterating the left piriform fossa | Foreign body sensation in the throat | Trans-cervical excision | Full recovery |
Liang et al. [61] | 2021 | China | 1 | 56/M | From the left pyriform to the oral cavity | Vomiting out of a smooth and giant mass in the oral cavity | Resection using transoral suspension laryngoscopy | No recurrence was found after 5 months of follow-up |