Fig. 3From: Endoscopic ear surgery: then and now, review articleThe middle ear cavity by 0° endoscope: m. malleus, I incus, star: stapedius tendon attached to stapes head, P pyramidal eminence with the ponticulus originating from it, S: styloid eminence, the blue arrow refers to oblique fustis with subcochlear canaliculus below, ST sinus tympani, and SST sinus subtympanicus. The yellow arrow: the protinaculum. AG annular groove, HY hypotympanum, and PR protympanum. We can consider 2 spaces lateral to P, S (facial recess and lateral sinus) and 3 spaces medial (posterior sinus, sinus tympani, and sinus subtympanicus)Back to article page