Table 2 Summaries of reviewed articles on duration and rate

Rawool [32]

2017

20–74 aged five different groups (15 ears each); younger with normal hearing, older with normal hearing, older with mild high-frequency loss, older with moderate high-frequency loss, older with low- and high-frequency loss

Ipsilateral acoustic reflex thresholds were obtained from the left and/or right ear/s by presenting clicks at the repetition rates of 50, 100, 150, 200 and 300 clicks/s

The click-RIF is significantly reduced in older individuals compared to younger adults. There is improvement in thresholds up to 150/s in each group. While reflex thresholds from 200/s to 300/s improve further in the younger group, a slower recovery is observed in the elderly group at this rate

Emmer et al. [33]

2006

20 young adults (ten males and ten females, ages 18–29 years) and 20 older adults (ten males and ten females, ages 59–75 years)

The effect of age on temporal integration of the ART was investigated for a broad-band noise (BBN) activator. Activating stimulus durations were 12, 25, 50, 100, 200, 300, 500, and 1000 ms

As the duration increased, the acoustic reflex threshold for BBN decreased

Guest et al. [34]

2019

Two participant groups; 20 females and 4 males (mean age of 22.8 years) and 24 females and 12 males (mean age of 23.3 years) who have normal immitancemetry and audiogram

Effects of ISI on ARTs in normally hearing young humans, measured at 1 and 4 kHz. For the short ISI, a duration of 2.5 s was selected and for the long ISI, a duration of 8.5 s was selected

Increasing ISIs from 2.5 to 8.5 s did not reduce ART level, nor raise ART reliability