Relation between exposure to different multimedia programs and presentation of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder

The Egyptian Journal of Otolaryngology

Table 1 Descriptive and comparative analysis of demographic data and psychometric and communicative evaluation of the studied groups

	Control, N = 30		ADHD, N = 39		P
Age (months)	Mean ± SD		Mean ± SD		0.105
Age (months)	46 ± 10		50.4 ± 11.3		0.105
Gender	N	%	N	%	0.079
Males	19	63.3	32	82.1
Females	11	36.7	7	17.9
IQ	Mean ± SD		Mean ± SD		< 0.001*
IQ	95 ± 3		81.4 ± 13.7		< 0.001*
Social age difference (months)	Mean ± SD		Mean ± SD		< 0.001*
Social age difference (months)	0 ± 0		6.8 ±1.9		< 0.001*
Language age difference (months)	Mean ± SD		Mean ± SD		< 0.001*
Language age difference (months)	0 ± 0		14.3 ± 3.4		< 0.001*
Pragmatic evaluation	N = 24		N = 33		< 0.001*
Pragmatic evaluation	N	%	N	%
Not affected pragmatics	24	100	7	21.2
Affected pragmatics	0	0	26	78.8

P comparison between ADHD and control. Numerical data are expressed in mean ± SD, compared by t-test; data categories are expressed in frequency (percentage) and compared by the chi-square or Fisher exact tests. The social age difference was used instead of social age to avoid errors in the statistics as social age should be correlated to chronological age. Social age difference = chronological age − current social age. The pragmatic checklist was not applied for children less than 3 years
^*Significant