From: Acoustic characteristics of voice and speech in Arabic-speaking stuttering children
Parameters | Male n= 22 | Female n= 18 | Test of significance | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Normal group | 1- Prolonged /a/ vowel | F0 | 251.2 ± 33.1 | 287.5 ± 31.4 | t= 3.6 | P= 0.001* |
Jitter | 0.46(0.2–0.82) | 0.37 (0.2–0.62) | Z= 1.2 | P= 0.22 | ||
Shimmer | 4.4 (2.6–6.8) | 4.5 (2.9–8.1) | Z= 0.24 | P= 0.81 | ||
H/N ratio | 18.7 ± 2.5 | 19.1 ± 2.2 | t=0.45 | P= 0.63 | ||
2- Automatic speech | F0 | 249.5 ± 40.2 | 271.1 ± 22.2 | t=2.1 | P= 0.04* | |
Jitter | 1.6 ± 0.5 | 1.6 ± 0.4 | t=0.28 | P= 0.78 | ||
Shimmer | 8.2 ± 1.9 | 7.9 ± 1.5 | t=0.52 | P= 0.61 | ||
H/N ratio | 12.7 ± 1.7 | 13.5 ± 1.8 | t= 1.5 | P= 0.13 | ||
3- Spontaneous speech | F0 | 257.8 ± 25.4 | 294.3 ± 30.5 | t= 4.1 | P ≤ 0.001* | |
Jitter | 1.7 ± 0.5 | 1.6 ± 0.4 | t=0.67 | P= 0.51 | ||
Shimmer | 8.5 (4.6–14.9) | 8.2 (5.3–12.8) | Z=0.08 | P= 0.94 | ||
H/N ratio | 13.3 ± 2.5 | 13.9 ± 1.8 | t=0.81 | P= 0.42 | ||
Stuttering group | 1- Prolonged/a/ vowel | F0 | 253.6 ± 32.4 | 294.9 ± 30.8 | t= 4.1 | P ≤ 0.001* |
Jitter | 0.49 (0.3–2.1) | 0.54 (0.23–2.4) | Z= 0.08 | P= 0.94 | ||
Shimmer | 4.7 (1.3–12.1) | 5.7 (1.9–10.8) | Z= 1.0 | P= 0.31 | ||
H/N ratio | 17.9 ± 4.2 | 17.1 ± 3.9 | t=0.64 | P= 0.53 | ||
2- Automatic speech | F0 | 239.9 ± 39.4 | 276.1 ± 22.5 | t=3.5 | P= 0.001* | |
Jitter | 1.7 ± 0.5 | 1.6 ± 0.5 | t=0.81 | P= 0.42 | ||
Shimmer | 8.7 ± 2.5 | 8.7 ± 3.0 | t=0.05 | P= 0.96 | ||
H/N ratio | 13.1 ± 2.4 | 13.2 ± 3.7 | t= 0.06 | P= 0.96 | ||
3- Spontaneous speech | F0 | 255.9 ± 48.9 | 301.6 ± 23.3 | t=3.6 | P= 0.001* | |
Jitter | 1.8 ± 0.5 | 1.6 ± 0.4 | t=1.5 | P= 0.14 | ||
Shimmer | 8.2 (4.7–13.8) | 8.3 (1.6–14.8) | Z=0.10 | P= 0.92 | ||
H/N ratio | 13.5 ± 3.1 | 14.2 ± 2.9 | t=0.67 | P= 0.51 |