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Table 6 Association between acoustic parameters and gender in the normal and stuttering groups

From: Acoustic characteristics of voice and speech in Arabic-speaking stuttering children

Parameters

Male

n= 22

Female

n= 18

Test of significance

Normal group

1- Prolonged /a/ vowel

F0

251.2 ± 33.1

287.5 ± 31.4

t= 3.6

P= 0.001*

Jitter

0.46(0.2–0.82)

0.37 (0.2–0.62)

Z= 1.2

P= 0.22

Shimmer

4.4 (2.6–6.8)

4.5 (2.9–8.1)

Z= 0.24

P= 0.81

H/N ratio

18.7 ± 2.5

19.1 ± 2.2

t=0.45

P= 0.63

2- Automatic speech

F0

249.5 ± 40.2

271.1 ± 22.2

t=2.1

P= 0.04*

Jitter

1.6 ± 0.5

1.6 ± 0.4

t=0.28

P= 0.78

Shimmer

8.2 ± 1.9

7.9 ± 1.5

t=0.52

P= 0.61

H/N ratio

12.7 ± 1.7

13.5 ± 1.8

t= 1.5

P= 0.13

3- Spontaneous speech

F0

257.8 ± 25.4

294.3 ± 30.5

t= 4.1

P ≤ 0.001*

Jitter

1.7 ± 0.5

1.6 ± 0.4

t=0.67

P= 0.51

Shimmer

8.5 (4.6–14.9)

8.2 (5.3–12.8)

Z=0.08

P= 0.94

H/N ratio

13.3 ± 2.5

13.9 ± 1.8

t=0.81

P= 0.42

Stuttering group

1- Prolonged/a/ vowel

F0

253.6 ± 32.4

294.9 ± 30.8

t= 4.1

P ≤ 0.001*

Jitter

0.49 (0.3–2.1)

0.54 (0.23–2.4)

Z= 0.08

P= 0.94

Shimmer

4.7 (1.3–12.1)

5.7 (1.9–10.8)

Z= 1.0

P= 0.31

H/N ratio

17.9 ± 4.2

17.1 ± 3.9

t=0.64

P= 0.53

2- Automatic speech

F0

239.9 ± 39.4

276.1 ± 22.5

t=3.5

P= 0.001*

Jitter

1.7 ± 0.5

1.6 ± 0.5

t=0.81

P= 0.42

Shimmer

8.7 ± 2.5

8.7 ± 3.0

t=0.05

P= 0.96

H/N ratio

13.1 ± 2.4

13.2 ± 3.7

t= 0.06

P= 0.96

3- Spontaneous speech

F0

255.9 ± 48.9

301.6 ± 23.3

t=3.6

P= 0.001*

Jitter

1.8 ± 0.5

1.6 ± 0.4

t=1.5

P= 0.14

Shimmer

8.2 (4.7–13.8)

8.3 (1.6–14.8)

Z=0.10

P= 0.92

H/N ratio

13.5 ± 3.1

14.2 ± 2.9

t=0.67

P= 0.51

  1. Data expressed as mean ± SD or median (minimum–maximum)
  2. *Significant p ≤ 0.05
  3. t, independent samples t-test
  4. Z, Mann-Whitney test