Table 4 Within group comparison of acoustic parameters across the different samples
From: Acoustic characteristics of voice and speech in Arabic-speaking stuttering children
| Items | Prolonged /a/ vowel | Automatic speech | Spontaneous speech | Test of significance | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Normal group | Fundamental Frequency (F0) |
269.3 ± 36.8 (210–358.7) |
260.3 ± 33.9 (195.3–373.3) |
276.1 ± 33.3 (205.7–365.2) |
F= 2.1 P= 0.13 |
| Jitter |
0.43 (0.2–0.82) |
1.6 (0.98–2.2) |
1.6 (1.0–3.0) |
KW= 79.9 P ≤ 0.001* | |
| Shimmer |
4.5 (2.6–8.1) |
7.5 (4.8–12.4) |
8.2 (4.6–14.9) |
KW= 66.9 P ≤ 0.001* | |
| Harmonic to Noise ratio(H/N ratio) |
18.9 ± 2.4 (15.2–25.7) |
13.1 ± 1.8 (9.9–17.4) |
13.6 ± 2.2 (10.1–18.0) |
F=92.0 P ≤ 0.001* | |
| Stuttering group | Fundamental Frequency (F0) |
272.1 ± 37.6 (207.8– 362.8) |
256.2 ± 37.3 (176.4–336.1) |
276.4 ± 45.4 (158.0–336.1) |
F= 2.8 P= 0.06 |
| Jitter |
0.51 (0.23–2.4) |
1.6 (0.8–2.6) |
1.7 (0.74–2.9) |
KW= 52.5 P ≤ 0.001* | |
| Shimmer |
5.3 (1.3–12.1) |
8.6 (4.7–12.9) |
8.2 (1.6–14.8) |
KW= 23.6 P ≤ 0.001* | |
| Harmonic to Noise ratio |
17.6 ± 4.0 (8.9–25.0) |
13.1 ± 3.0 (8.4–19.9) |
13.8 ± 3.0 (8.5–19.7) |
F=19.9 P ≤ 0.001* | |