Table 3 Acoustic parameters of the normal and stuttering groups
From: Acoustic characteristics of voice and speech in Arabic-speaking stuttering children
| Parameters |
Normal group n= 40 |
Stuttering group n= 40 | Test of significance | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| I- Prolonged /a/ vowel | Fundamental Frequency (F0) |
269.3 ± 36.8 (210–358.7) |
272.1 ± 37.6 (207.8–362.8) |
t= 0.35 P= 0.73 |
| Jitter |
0.43 (0.2–0.82) |
0.51 (0.23–2.4) |
Z= 2.4 P= 0.02* | |
| Shimmer |
4.5 (2.6–8.1) |
5.3 (1.3–12.1) |
Z= 2.1 P= 0.04* | |
| Harmonic to Noise ratio (H/N ratio) |
18.9 ± 2.4 (15.2–25.7) |
17.6 ± 4.0 (8.9–25.0) |
t=1.8 P= 0.08 | |
| II- Automatic speech | Fundamental Frequency (F0) |
260.3 ± 33.9 (195.3–373.3) |
256.2 ± 37.3 (176.4–336.1) |
t=0.51 P= 0.61 |
| Jitter |
1.6 ± 0.5 (0.98–2.9) |
1.6 ± 0.5 (0.8–2.6) |
t=0.41 P= 0.69 | |
| Shimmer |
8.0 ± 1.8 (4.8–12.4) |
8.7 ± 2.7 (4.7–12.9) |
t=1.3 P= 0.21 | |
| Harmonic to Noise ratio (H/N ratio) |
13.1 ± 1.8 (9.9–17.4) |
13.1 ± 3.0 (8.4–19.9) |
t= 0.08 P= 0.94 | |
| III- Spontaneous speech | Fundamental Frequency (F0) |
276.1 ± 33.3 (205.7–365.2) |
276.4 ± 45.4 (158.0–336.1) |
t=0.04 P= 0.97 |
| Jitter |
1.7 ± 0.5 (1.0–3.0) |
1.7 ± 0.4 (0.74–2.9) |
t=0.06 P= 0.95 | |
| Shimmer |
8.2 (4.6–14.9) |
8.2 (1.6–14.8) |
Z=0.17 P= 0.86 | |
| Harmonic to Noise ratio (H/N ratio) |
13.6 ± 2.2 (10.1–18.0) |
13.8 ± 3.0 (8.5–19.7) |
t=0.40 P= 0.69 | |