Smell disorders associated with COVID-19 infection

El-Anwar, Mohammad Waheed; Mohamed, Sherif Mamdoh; Sweed, Ahmed Hassan

doi:10.1186/s43163-021-00095-9

The Egyptian Journal of Otolaryngology

Table 1 All included studies discussing olfactory dysfunction with COVID-19

From: Smell disorders associated with COVID-19 infection

	Article	Publish date	Type or article	COVID-19 (M/F)	COVID-positive patient with smell disorder				Percentage	Smell identification	Notes
	Article	Publish date	Type or article	COVID-19 (M/F)	Smell disorder	Anosmia	Hyposmia	Dysosmia	Percentage	Smell identification	Notes
1	Giacomelli et al [9]	Mar 2020	Cross-sectional study	59(40/19)	17	Unknown			28.8%	Questionnaire
2	Vaira et al [10]	Apr 2020	Rapid communication paper	320	62	Unknown			19.4%	Questionnaire
3	Villalba et al [11]	Apr 2020	Case series	2(1/1)	2	Unknown			100%	Questionnaire
4	Hjelmesæth et al [12]	Apr 2020	Case series	3 (2/1)	3	Unknown			100%	Questionnaire
5	Lechien et al [13]	Apr 2020	Cross-sectional multicenter study	417 (154/263)	357	284	73		85.6%	Questionnaire
6	Mao et al [14]	Apr 2020	Retrospective study	214 (87/127)	11	Unknown			5.1%	Questionnaire
7	Gilani et al [15]	Apr 2020	Case series	5 (2/3)	5	Unknown			100%	Questionnaire
8	Eliezer et al [16]	Apr 2020	Case report	1 (0/1)	1	Unknown			100%	CCCRC	CT scan of the nasal cavity showed bilateral inflammatory obstruction of the olfactory clefts that was confirmed on MRI of the nasal cavity. There were no anomalies of the olfactory bulbs and tracts.
9	Yan et al [17]	Apr 2020	Cross-sectional study	59 (29/29/1)	40	Unknown			67.8%	Questionnaire	Comparison between probability of acute smell loss in COVID-19 and normal individual
10	Klopfenstein et al [18]	Apr 2020	Retrospective study	144	54	Unknown			37.5%	Questionnaire
11	Moein et al [19]	Apr 2020	Case-control study	60 (20/40)	59	15	44		98.3%	UPSIT^a	Smell disorder identification by history 21 patients / by test 59 patients
12	Spinato et al [20]	Apr 2020	Cross-sectional study	202 (97/105)	130	48	82		64.4%	Questionnaire
13	Beltrán-Corbellini et al [21]	Apr 2020	Case-control study	79	25	14	9	2	31.6%	Questionnaire	Comparison between probability of acute smell loss in COVID-19 and influenza patient
14	Yan et al [22]	Apr 2020	Retrospective study	128 (61/67)	75	Unknown			58.6%	Questionnaire
15	Kaye et al [23]	Apr 2020	Short communication study	237 (108/129)	237	Unknown			100%	Questionnaire
16	Ottaviano et al [24]	Apr 2020	Case series	6	6	Unknown			100%	Le Nez du Vin^c
17	Heidari et al [25]	Apr 2020	Case series	23 (8/15)	23	Unknown			100%	Questionnaire
18	Kim et al [26]	May 2020	Cross-sectional study	172 (66/106)	68	Unknown			39.5%	Questionnaire
19	Boscolo-Rizzo et al [27]	May 2020	Cross-sectional study	54	34	Unknown			63%	Questionnaire	Comparison between probability of acute smell loss in COVID-19 and normal individual
20	Luers et al [28]	May 2020	Retrospective study	72 (41/31)	53	Unknown			73.6%	Questionnaire
21	Vaira et al [29]	May 2020	Cross-sectional study	33 (11/22)	17	13	4		51.5%	CCCRC^b
22	Vaira et al [30]	Jun 2020	Cross-sectional study	72 (27/45)	61	2	58		84.7%	CCCRC^b	^bSmell disorder identification by history 44 patients / by test 61 patients
23	Boscolo-Rizzo et al [31]	Jul 2020	Cross-sectional study	187 (84/103)	113	Unknown			60.4%	Questionnaire
				2549 M = 838 F = 1107 Unknown = 603 Gender diverse = 1	1453	376	270	2	57%

^aUniversity of Pennsylvania Smell Identification Test (UPSIT)
^bConnecticut Chemosensory Clinical Research Center (CCCRC) orthonasal olfaction test'
^cLe Nez du Vin = six supra-threshold odors forced multiple choice smell identification test

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