Table 1 Differential diagnosis for the neck swelling in the present case
From: Localized Erdheim-Chester disease involving the thyroid gland—a case report
SN | Differential diagnosis | Differentiating features from ECD |
|---|---|---|
1 | LCH | 1. IHC - S-100+ve 2. EM - Birbeck granules |
2 | Anaplastic carcinoma thyroid | Malignant infiltration of the thyroid gland |
3 | Lymphoma | Positivity for specific lymphoma IHC panel distinct from ECD |
4 | Sclerosing thyroiditis | 1. Diffuse fibrosis 2. Absence of Touton giant cells |
5 | IgG4-related disease | High levels of tissue IgG4+ve plasma cells and IgG4+/IgG ratio |
6 | Tuberculosis | 1. Caseating epithelioid granulomas 2. Absence of Touton-type giant cells |
7 | Sarcoidosis | Non-caseating epithelioid granulomas |
8 | RDD | 1. Emperipolesis 2. CD68+, CD163+, S-100+, CD1a- |