The prevalence of psychiatric comorbid disorders among children with specific learning disorders: a systematic review

The Egyptian Journal of Otolaryngology

Table 2 The tools used to assess the psychiatric disorders and the prevalence of the psychiatric comorbid disorder among the SLD children included in the recruited studies

Authors	Outcome Measures		Prevalence of the Psychiatric Comorbid Disorder (%)
			ADHD			CD	ODD	Anxiety Disorder				Depression
			Inattentive	Hyperactive Impulsive	Combined	CD	ODD	Generalized	Social	Separation	Specific phobia
Margari et al. [8]	• CBCL ¹ • K-SADS ² • CDI ³ • Conner’s Parent Rating Scale - ADHD.		SLD: 33 LD NOS: 25.4			_	_	SLD: 28.8 LD NOS:16.4				SLD: 9.4 LD NOS:2.1%
Thakkar et al. [20]	SCAS ⁴		_	_	_	_	_	SLD: 24.64 Control: 4.35				_
Bandla et al. [2]	DPCL ⁵		SLD: 41.9			SLD: 3	_	_				_
Altay & Gorker [19]	• DSM-IV for ADHD, CD and ODD. • K-SADS (Turkish version)		Total= 82.3			16.3	26.3	Total= 68.8				8.8
Altay & Gorker [19]	• DSM-IV for ADHD, CD and ODD. • K-SADS (Turkish version)		38.8	2.5	40	16.3	26.3	5	5	12.5	46.3
Toro et al. [21]	MINI Kid ⁶
	Disorder Full picture	RD ⁷	25.4			0.8	7.8	Total= 28.6				10.8
		RD ⁷	25.4			0.8	7.8	5.4	0.8	16.2	6.2
		Control ⁸	8.5			0	3.7	Total = 13.4				8.6
		Control ⁸	8.5			0	3.7	3.7	2.4	7.3	0
	Disorder Sub-threshold picture	`RD ⁷	35.4			10	12.3	Total = 69.2				8.4
		`RD ⁷	35.4			10	12.3	6.9	16.2	23.8	22.3
		Control ⁸	36.6			24	22	Total = 43.8				1.2
		Control ⁸	36.6			24	22	4.9	8.5	13.3	17.1

Note ¹ CBCL Child Behavior Checklist, ² K-SADS Kiddies Schedule for Affective Disorders and Schizophrenia for School-Age Children - Present and Lifetime Version, ³ CDI Children Depression Inventory, ⁴ SCAS Spence Children's Anxiety Scale, ⁵ DPCL Developmental psychopathology checklist for children, ⁶ Mini International Neuropsychiatric Interview Kid, ⁷ RD Reading Disability (a type of SLD), ⁸ Control Children with typical academic school performance