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Table 1 The characteristics of the included studies

From: The prevalence of psychiatric comorbid disorders among children with specific learning disorders: a systematic review

Authors (Year), Country

Number

Gender and Age

Time of the Study

Scope of the study

Margari et al. [8], Bari, Italy

448, (240 with SLD, 208 LD NOS 6)

The SLD children were 184 males, 56 females, (mean age 10.45 y).

The LD NOS children were 135 males, 73 females, (mean age 10.2).

The age range for both groups was 7 – 16 y.

October 2010 and December 2012

To analyze comorbidities in LD, considering separately the SLD and LD NOS subgroups to deepen clinical and etiopathogenic knowledge of these disorders and improve their treatment.

Thakkar et al. [20], Mumbai, India

276, (138 SLD, 138 Control 8)

Both SLD & control 8 groups had 103 males, 35 females, (mean age 12.23 y, range 8 -15 y)

March 2011 to January 2012

To determine if school students with newly diagnosed SLD were more likely to have anxiety than their regular peers.

Bandla et al. [2], Hyderabad, India

76 (62 SLD children, 34 Control 8)

Age range 6 -12 y).

The SLD children were 40 males, 22 females, (mean age 9.28 y).

The Control 8 were 18 males, 16 females, (mean age 9.28 y)

Not mentioned

1) To study the number of children having SLDs and comorbidities in a school setting.

2) To study the comorbidities in children with SLDs who identified and on remedial education.

3) To study the comorbidities in children who do not have SLDs

4) To study the difference in sociodemographic variables as well as a comorbidity in the 3 groups.

Altay & Gorker [19], Edirne, Turkey

80 with SLD

49 males, 31 females, mean age 9.0 y, range 6 -15 y)

January and June 2015.

To obtain scientific data for our country (Turkey) regarding SLD and the accompanying psychiatric disorders and to contribute to the literature.

Toro et al. [21], Budapest, Hungary

212, (130 with RD 7, 82 Control 8)

Age range 7 -18 y.

The RD children were 78 males, 52 females (mean age 10.2 y)

The Normal children were 50 males, 32 females, (mean age 9.66 y)

Not mentioned

To investigate the comorbidity of subthreshold and full psychiatric disorders with RD while comparing subgroups based on the age of RD recognition (early vs. late)

  1. Note 1 ADHD Attention Deficit Hyperactive Disorder, 2 CD Conduct Disorder, 3 ODD= Oppositional Defiant Disorder, 4 GAD Generalized anxiety Disorder, 5 SAD Social Anxiety Disorder, 6 LD NOS Learning Disability Not Otherwise Specified, 7 RD Reading Disability (a type of SLD), 8 Control Children with typical academic school performance