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The Egyptian Journal of Otolaryngology

Table 4 Parameters of voice handicapped index in case and control groups

From: Voice problem in a patient with chronic renal failure

 

Cases (N = 54)

Control (N = 56)

t (df), p value

Functional (mean ± sd)

1.53 ± 2.25

0.23 ± 0.76

4.03 (64.58), < 0.01*

Physical (mean ± sd)

1.46 ± 2.16

0.03 ± 0.18

4.81 (53.76), < 0.01*

Emotional (mean ± sd)

0.92 ± 1.39

0.10 ± 0.36

4.16 (59.96), < 0.01*

Total VHI

3.79 ± 5.14

0.37 ± 1.25

4.75 (59.11), < 0.01*

  1. Non-significant (p > 0.05), significant (p < 0.05), highly significant (p < 0.001)
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