Table 2 Recidivism after canal wall up and canal wall down approaches

Brown [16]

10

22/62 (35.48%)

12/36 (33.33%)

34/98 (34.69%)

Before 2000

Charachon and Gratacap [19]

> 3 years

45/99 (45.45%)

7/42 (8.95%)

59/136 (43.38%)

Lau and Tos [13]

9.5

9/51 (18%)

10/45 (22.22%)

19/96 (19.79%)

Edelstein D. et al. [15]

3.9 years

3/39 (7.69%)

9/66 (13.36%)

12/105 (11.42%)

Marco-Algarra et al. [18]

7.1

15/40 (37.50%)

2/15 (13.33%)

17/55 (30.91%)

Cruz et al. [21]

> 2 years

12/26 (46.15%)

10/75 (13.33%)

22/101 (21.78%)

Schmid et al. [22]

7 years

6/16 (37.50%)

6/39 (15.38%)

12/55 (21.81%)

Crellin et al. [23]

> 18 months

4/5 (80%)

18/60 (30%)

22/65 (33.84%)

Mills and Padgham [24]

50 months

1/3 (33.33%)

3/27 (11.11%)

4/30 (13.33%)

Rigner et al. [25]

5 years

6/10(60%)

1/9(11.11%)

7/19(63.84)

Stern and Fazekas–May [26]

29 months

10/29 (34.48%)

12/25 (48%)

22/54 (40.74%)

Vartiainen and Nuutinen [27]

7.1 years

2/9 (22.22%)

6/35 (17.14%)

8/44 (18.18%)

Parisier et al. [28]

7.2 years

11/62 (17.74%)

11/103 (10.68%)

22/165 (13.33%)

Stangerup et al. [29]

5.8 years

17/44 (38.64%)

4/21 (19.04%)

21/65 (32.30%)

Dodson et al. [7]

37.7 months

17/41 (41.46%)

2/17 (11.76%)

19/58 (32.75%)

Silvola and Palva [30]

4.8 years

4/17 (23.53%)

16/50 (32%)

20/67 (29.85%)

During and after 2000

Darrouzet et al. [31]

70 months

56/190 (29.47%)

9/21 (42.86%)

65/211 (30.80%)

Ueda et al. [32]

> 1 years

14/32 (43.75%)

3/20 (15%)

17/52 (32.69%)

Gocmen et al. [33]

3.7 years

9/35 (25.71%)

12/79 (15.19%)

21/114 (18.42%)

Ahn et al. [34]

5 years

2/19 (10.53%)

17/102 (16.67%)

19/121 (15.70%)

Schraff and Strasnick [8]

2.6 years

38/221 (17.19%)

7/57 (12.28%)

45/278 (16.18%)

Shirazi et al [5]

6 years

2/38 (5.26%)

2/48 (4.17%)

4/86 (4.65%)

Yung et al. [35]

5 years

2/6 (33.33%)

4/35 (11.43%)

6/41 (14.63%)

Drahy et al. [36]

74 months

4/18 (22.22)

0/4 (0%)

4/22(18.18%)

McRackan et al. [37]

36.5 months

101/409 (24.69%)

9/51 (17.65%)

110/460 (23.91%)

Osborn et al. [38]

at least 1 year

106/352 (30.11%)

8/57 (14.04%)

114/409 (27.87%)

Vincenti et al. [39]

8

4/12 (33.33%)

0/6 (0%)

4/18 (22.22%)

Sergi et al. [40]

38 months

4/20 (20%)

2/13 (15.38%)

6/33 (18.18%)

526/1905 (27.61%)

202/1158 (17.44%)

728/3063 (23.77%)